Lisbon is the westernmost capital in Europe. The continent ends at Cabo da Roca, located near the city, beyond which lies the vast Atlantic Ocean. Lisbon has few historical landmarks, as the city was almost completely destroyed by an earthquake in 1755, followed by a tsunami and fires. However, it was quickly rebuilt according to the designs of the Marquis of Pombal.
Entertainment and Attractions
Lisbon’s historic center is full of interesting sites and monuments. One of the main attractions is the Castle of São Jorge, located on a high hill. Until 1147, it served as the residence of the Moorish emir, and then, until the 16th century, it was home to Portuguese kings. Lisbon began here, and next to the castle is the oldest historic district, Alfama. This neighborhood, located on a steep hillside between the castle and the river, is famous for its medieval streets and alleys. The Castle of San Jorge was named after the patron saint of England in the 14th century, when the two countries formed an alliance. Over its long history, the castle has been rebuilt many times, and its interior decoration has not survived.
In Alfama, the facades of houses are decorated with vibrant ceramic murals called azulejos. These same tiles are used for street name and house number plaques. The earthquake of 1755 destroyed almost the entire city, sparing only a few structures. Among the surviving buildings are the Sé Cathedral, built around 1150 on the site of a destroyed mosque, and the Carmo Monastery, of which only the walls and Gothic arches remain, creating a stunning spectacle. Today, the Carmo Monastery houses the Archaeological Museum. The Port of Lisbon, located at the mouth of the Tagus River, dates back to the 13th century and has always played an important role in the city’s life. From here, Portuguese caravels embarked on famous voyages, including Vasco da Gama’s expedition, which became the first to reach the shores of India. During World War II, the Port of Lisbon became a haven for refugees seeking passage to the United States. Today, it is a major commercial and passenger port.
